What Lies Beyond India's E20 Push: Costs, Emissions, and Food Security Concerns

Summary

India's E20 fuel blend has led to an estimated ₹88,234 crore in extra consumer spending over three years due to lower mileage, offsetting promised savings. The benefits for emissions and forex savings are uncertain, as higher fuel consumption could increase emissions, and diverting crops to ethanol production may impact food security and exports.